The Hidden Clay Tablets of Samuel

Deciphered and translated by Rabbi Ben Scolnic
Edited with introduction and notes by Altay Coşkun

 

Samuel anoints the shepherd David as king of Israel (1 Samuel 16:11–13). The illustration derives from the Ingeborg Psalter (Psalm 26) produced around 1200 CE in France (now in the Musée Condé in Chantilly), the photograph has been released by the Getty Museum with a common license.

the Discovery of the Tablets

The town of Shiloh in Samaria is said to have hosted the Ark of the Covenant for hundreds of years, and thus holds a special place in the memory of the people of Israel. Unsurprisingly, it is a center of modern archaeological excavations, and many of the spectacular finds dug out under sunlight have been documented and made accessible to the public. But, as it happens so often, some digs are undertaken overnight by treasure hunters. One of those criminals was at least remorseful and passed on some seemingly worthless clay sherds to his rabbi. The learned man pieced them together to six clay tablets and noticed that most of the tiny scratches were in fact letters, but he was not familiar with those shapes. Luckily, he was just hosting his friend Rabbi Ben Scolnic on his last visit to Israel this summer, a well-known specialist of the most arcane texts and scriptures.

Ben quickly recognized that the barely legible scribblings were one of the oldest versions of the Hebrew script ever seen. Already excited by that, he was then electrocuted when he realized that those must be the words of Samuel, Israel’s most important prophet of the 11th century BCE. Ben immediately cancelled all his other appointments, sent his family to the beach, and moved into his friend’s library, not resting until he had at least deciphered and translated the first tablet that could be pieced together.

Most of what we know about Samuel comes from The First Book of Samuel, which others call The First Book of Kings. Some people want to believe as historical every letter that they read in Biblical books (one example), while others reject them all as bold fabrication. Non-faith-based researchers (another example) tend to agree that Biblical stories gradually converge with our independent evidence for Near-Eastern history since the later 13th century BCE. Much of the material is, of course, legendary, but many of the characters depicted in the books Shofetim (traditionally translated as ‘Judges’, but the shofetim were also military leaders of the Jewish tribes), 1–2 Samuel, and 1–2 Kings are likely to have existed. Admittedly, what has been transmitted in the Bible has gone through centuries of rethinking and rewriting, so that we find a good deal of embellishment or distortion there. But this makes the new discovery all the more so spectacular, since we can now hear the original voice of a prophet.

Samuel lived through a transformational period of the Israelites, and thus gave much thought to their political organization. Many of his reflections may still be worthwhile considering today …